Wide view of a Southern garden in late spring with growing vegetables and flowers in Georgia

A Southern Garden in Late Spring

If a Southerner is going to give you their opinion on something, it’s going to be the weather. If it’s too cold, we’ll cry, “I wasn’t made for this!” But, on certain days when the weather feels just right, we’ll sigh and say, “If only the weather was like this all the time.”

Many of those “perfect days” of Southern weather happen in late spring.

While the weather at this time of year is perfect, my garden leaves me a little impatient. It is a period of waiting for the next big show.

The seeds in both the vegetable and flower gardens have all been sown. Plants are growing their vines, stems, and leaves until the early weeks of summer give us pops of color from zinnias and tomatoes alike.

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Birdbath surrounded by flowers and pollinator plants in a Southern garden during late spring
A garden is never just about the plants. Water, pollinators, and wildlife all play a role in late spring.

The Vegetable Garden Requires Patience

You may have heard the expression, “a watched pot never boils.” I think a better saying would be, “a watched tomato never ripens.”  During late spring, the tomatoes in my vegetable garden are lingering in their own space-time continuum. The vines are loaded with handfuls of green tomatoes that can’t be rushed to reach their full ruby-colored potential.

Clusters of green tomatoes growing on the vine in a Southern vegetable garden during late spring
Tomatoes spend much of late spring suspended between promise and harvest, testing the patience of gardeners eager for the first tomato sandwich of summer.

As I look from the kitchen window, I can see yellow flowers on my zucchini and cucumber plants. Big flowers on the zucchini invite a whole host of pollinators to join the party at once, while the small flowers on cucumbers only have room for one bee at a time.

The pollinators are working and having their feast in my garden, but my vegetable feast won’t begin for a few more weeks.

While I wait, I’m closely watching the colors of the leaves on my young vegetable plants. I’ll take clues from them to see if the soil needs fertilizing or amending. On many mornings I trudge to the garden carrying my largest watering can. It’s full of diluted fish fertilizer or calcium, food for my young tomatoes.

I’m bribing them with, “Tomatoes, if I do this for you, what will you do for me?” And I hope the reply will be more tomatoes than I can eat or give away.

Cucurbit bee gathering pollen from a cucumber flower in a Southern vegetable garden
While gardeners wait for vegetables to ripen, pollinators are already hard at work among the blooms.

In addition to feeding the growing plants, I also watch for signs of unwanted bugs, and I take preventative measures to keep them at bay for the rest of the season. When the sun goes down, an eerie purple glow from my black light flashlight scans the plants up and down for the dreaded tomato hornworm.

Pampering these vegetable plants now means that in a few weeks my patience will pay off as I take a bite of my first tomato sandwich of the summer.

The vegetable garden requires surprisingly little equipment, but there are a handful of tools, fertilizers, and amendments I reach for throughout the growing season.

Recommended vegetable garden supplies including tools, fertilizers, and garden essentials
Click the image to browse the vegetable garden tools, fertilizers, and supplies I use throughout the growing season.

A Season Between Blooms

While I wait for my vegetables to grow, the flowers have a time of transition, too. Early spring gives the South flowers with soft and delicate blooms. In summer, flower varieties have transitioned to hardier and sturdier stems that can withstand the heat that settles in at the hottest part of the day.

Unopened zinnia flower bud developing in a Southern cut flower garden during late spring
The first zinnia blooms of summer are still forming in late spring, building anticipation for the season’s brightest display of color.

The peonies, which bloom in early spring in the South, have come and gone weeks ago. The tiny pink blooms on my Peggy Martin roses and the fuzzy, purple alliums have finished their shows as well.

In late spring, my flower gardens will not only be a source of blooms to bring indoors, but they will also attract important pollinators.

Spires of salvia and lavender dance and sway as the bees crawl from flower to flower for their next treat. Hummingbirds flit in and out of gladiolus flowers.

During this time, the zinnias and dahlias are still growing their stems. Flower buds are beginning to form, and anticipation builds for when they decide it is time for a chorus of color.

As the flower garden begins its summer display, these are a few of the tools and containers I use for harvesting, arranging, and enjoying blooms indoors.

Recommended flower garden supplies for growing, cutting, and arranging blooms
Click the image to browse the flower garden tools, harvesting supplies, and floral essentials featured in this article.

Learning to Wait

After the long and dark months of winter, spring brings new growth and excitement. But it also requires a great deal of waiting and patience.

Gardener harvesting gladiolus stems in a Southern flower garden during late spring
Gardening requires both patience and participation, rewarding careful attention with flowers to bring indoors and moments spent outdoors.

It’s a good thing the weather is so ideal in the South during late spring, because I spend a lot of time checking on the gardens.

I drink my morning coffee hovering over my pepper plants like a helicopter parent. I’ll take another stroll through the rows in the evening after dinner. Have the seeds germinated since I last stared at the dirt six hours ago?

Gardening is both about myself and something bigger than myself. I am nurturing these plants with water, food, and protection. But I’m also connecting to the earth as a whole.

These days of perfect late spring weather in the South are fleeting with every rotation of the Earth. And while we often wish these perfect days could last forever, would we really want them to?

Soon the mild temperatures of late spring will give way to the humid heat that is necessary for a watermelon to ripen and a dinner-plate dahlia to unfurl in summertime.

Afterwards, shorter days will trigger the reds, oranges, and yellows of autumn leaves.

Each season requires patience for what is still to come and an appreciation for what is here now, because neither lasts forever.

The sun, the dirt, and the pollinators are all reminders that it’s never just about the little seeds we sow in spring.


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Zinnia arrangement in a blue Ball jar from a Southern cutting garden

How to Grow Zinnias in a Southern Cutting Garden

I spend a lot of time thinking about flowers. There are times that my mind wanders while I’m doing other mundane tasks, and my thoughts drift away to varieties, colors, and bouquets.

It all started years ago with one little seed packet of zinnias that I planted to attract pollinators to my vegetable garden. At the time I didn’t even know how to plant a zinnia cut flower garden, but it was the start of my flower gardening journey.

Over time I shifted my focus from growing vegetables to growing flowers. I get a lot of joy growing things whose sole purpose is to bring beauty into the world. What a pleasure to walk outside and take my pick of which stems to bring into my home.

Zinnias are blooms full of cheer, and they make the perfect addition to any Southern cutting garden.  

This article was created in partnership with Eden Brothers. Some links in this article are affiliate links, which means I may earn a small commission from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you.

Why Zinnias Belong in a Southern Cutting Garden

It turns out that the little packet of zinnia seeds that I picked up at the garden center to attract pollinators is one of the best choices for a Southern flower garden.

Why Zinnias Thrive in Southern Summers

On the summer days when the heat feels oppressive, zinnias are thriving. They don’t need a lot of maintenance, like other cut flowers, and when the sun beats down, the flowers come up.

Zinnias are often a choice flower for beginners and seasoned gardeners alike.  As long as you have enough sunlight, you’ll be able to cut blooms for flower arrangements all summer long. In fact, the more you cut, the more flowers you’ll have to bring inside.

The hardest part of growing zinnias is usually deciding which varieties to buy.

Choosing the Right Zinnia Varieties

There are over one hundred varieties of zinnia seeds sold in the United States. With so many choices available, there are a few things to consider when choosing which seeds to plant in your Southern cutting garden.

Zinnia seed packets for a Southern cutting garden before planting
Choosing varieties is one of the most enjoyable parts of planning a cutting garden.

Some varieties of zinnias are more tolerant of Southern growing conditions than others. Varieties that have high humidity tolerance and resistance to diseases do well in the South.

Color is another big consideration when planning a zinnia cut flower garden. Varieties come in colors ranging from muted pastels to bold summer hues. The colors you select will not only impact your garden outdoors, but they’ll also be present inside your home. If you’re planning to bring your zinnias inside, it’s important to consider if your garden color palette integrates well with your home’s color palette.

One of the most important things to consider is how your zinnias fill a vase. I like to use a mixture of varieties so that I have variations in texture, color, and size of blooms. If you’re only planning to grow zinnias for cut flowers, you can create a well-rounded arrangement by planning variation carefully.

The Best Zinnias for Cutting Gardens

Eden Brothers has been an excellent resource for recommending zinnia varieties to me. I partnered with them to grow several varieties in my garden this year.

Wooden garden markers labeling zinnia varieties for a Southern cutting garden
Keeping varieties labeled makes it easier to compare performance throughout the season.

One of their top recommendations for zinnias in the South is Benary’s Giant, which is mildew resistant and excellent for cut flowers. Benary’s Giant Zinnias are the workhorses of the zinnia world with big, strong blooms that will fill a vase.

Oklahoma zinnias are like Benary’s Giant, but slightly smaller, fuller, and excellent for bouquets. These zinnias are what I lovingly refer to as “reliable” because they are useful for filling in blank spots of flower arrangements. They’re there when you need something extra.

Queeny zinnias also do well in the South, and they provide interesting pops of color. For smaller scale zinnias that do well in pots and borders, Eden Brothers recommends Profusion and Zahara varieties. My raised vegetable garden beds are the perfect spot for the smaller varieties.

When to Plant Zinnias in the South

Once you have your seeds in hand, there are a few important things to know about when to plant them.

Hand holding zinnia seeds before planting in a Southern cutting garden
Zinnia seeds germinate quickly once the soil has warmed in late spring.

Why Timing Matters More Than Most Gardeners Expect

Although growing zinnias from seed is easy, issues can be triggered by planting seeds at the wrong time.

It’s considered safe to plant seeds directly in the ground after the last danger of frost. But I recommend waiting just a little while longer to sow them. Zinnias are heat-loving plants. Your zinnias will have the best chance of germination once the soil temperatures are consistently 70-80 degrees.

Planting too early can result in stunted growth or weaker plants that are susceptible to disease. Since zinnias love warm temperatures, you can plant them every few weeks through July to ensure you have blooms until fall.

If you’d like to keep these planting recommendations handy throughout the season, I’ve put together a free printable Southern Zinnia Planting Guide with my favorite varieties, planting reminders, and harvesting notes.

There’s not a hard and fast date for planting zinnias each year. It’s important to look at soil temperatures and weather forecasts before putting your seeds in the ground. Even so, Mother Nature has a mind of her own.

I’ve had an unusually warm spring, but night temperatures have been cooler than normal. After my seeds germinated, they were slow to grow this year. Now that temperatures have heated up, their growth is booming. Even an experienced gardener like me is dependent on Mother Nature to behave herself. 

Planting Zinnias Successfully in Southern Soil

Once you know what you’re going to plant and when to plant it, you need to decide on where the best spot in your yard will be to sow your zinnia seeds.

Preparing soil for a Southern cutting garden before planting zinnias
Preparing the garden bed helps improve drainage and airflow before planting.

Zinnias require full sun, so you’ll need a place in your yard that receives at least six hours of sun each day.

Zinnias also need good air circulation. It’s important that their leaves are given the opportunity to dry off. Air flow is vital in humid climates in order to keep plants healthy.

The South is known for red clay soil. While zinnias can grow successfully in poor soil, they do need proper drainage. If your soil is compact, consider amending it with compost to improve drainage.

Hand holding soil amendment used to improve soil in a Southern cutting garden
Improving soil texture and drainage helps zinnias thrive through the Southern summer heat.

Zinnia seeds should be planted about one-half inch deep. They’ll sprout rather quickly in just 4 to 7 days if the soil is warm.

Once sprouted, zinnias should be watered at the base of the plant. Keep the leaves dry to prevent moisture-related diseases.

It feels counter-intuitive, but to give your zinnia seedlings the best chance of success, you’ll need to thin them out. You’ll want to gently remove seedlings so that there’s one growing about every 12 inches. Choose the healthiest looking stems as you go through this process.

Rows of young zinnias growing in a Southern cutting garden
Proper spacing allows zinnias to receive sunlight and airflow during the humid Southern summer.

Thinning seedlings is necessary to maintain a healthy garden. Too many seedings creates unnecessary competition for nutrients and light. While it feels strange to pull up seeds that you planted, you’ll be rewarded with better blooms.

Why I Prefer to Direct Sow Zinnias

Zinnia seeds should be sown directly into soil outdoors. They germinate quickly and do not like to be transplanted. Therefore, it’s best to plant them in the soil.

The only time that I would start zinnia seeds indoors is if I was going to sow them in a large planter that they were going to stay in all summer.

The One Step That Makes Zinnias More Productive

I like to pinch my stems. Pinching is a practice that is done to create a bushier plant that will produce more blooms.

How and When to Pinch Zinnias

Zinnias are ready to be pinched once they’ve reached about 12 inches, before they have developed any flower buds. The plant should have at least 4 sets of leaves at this point.

Remove the center part of the flower down about 3 or 4 inches, right above a pair of leaves. This should leave at least 2 sets of leaves on the plant.

Close-up of young zinnia seedlings growing in a Southern cutting garden
Young zinnia seedlings beginning to establish in the warm spring garden.

Once they’re pinched, the zinnia plants will start to branch out to create more stems. Many gardeners hesitate to pinch off growth, but pinching prevents plants from getting leggy or top heavy. Each plant will produce more flowers than they would’ve otherwise.

Common Problems Southern Gardeners Should Expect

Zinnias may be uncomplicated to grow, but they aren’t free from problems.

Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew is one of the biggest concerns for a Southern cutting garden. It’s not a matter of if you’ll get powdery mildew in a Southern garden, it’s a matter of when. The Southern climate is notoriously humid, so when leaves get wet, they tend to stay wet longer.

In addition to proper spacing of plants, zinnias should be watered at the base of the plant, instead of on the leaves.

If powdery mildew is present, products like neem oil or fungicide should be used to get it under control before it affects production and spreads to other plants. Neem oil can be a solution for many gardening issues, so it’s always the first thing I try when combating powdery mildew.

Japanese Beetles

Japanese beetles love to make a buffet of a flower garden. Neem oil can be used as a deterrent to prevent beetles from eating. Some gardeners find that planting things like chives and marigolds will deter them as well.

If Japanese beetles have found their way to your garden, they can be brought under control by hand picking them and placing them in soapy water. I’ve even used milky spore to eradicate a Japanese beetle infestation.

Other Problems to Anticipate

Many of the problems that zinnias experience can be prevented with intentional spacing, thinning, and pinching. Without pinching, plants can get top-heavy, which can cause them to fall in storms or weight of blooms.

Zinnias can experience heat stress if they aren’t receiving adequate water. If they’re overcrowded from lack of thinning, they’ll be competing for water and nutrients from other zinnias.

With a bit of care and prevention, you’ll be rewarded with armloads of zinnias, ready to be brought inside your house to enjoy.

Harvesting Zinnias for the House

It doesn’t take long for the first zinnia blooms to appear. When the time is right, you should cut them to bring indoors.

Butterfly resting on a pink zinnia in a Southern garden
Zinnias attract butterflies and pollinators throughout the summer season.

When Zinnias Are Ready to Cut

Some flowers can be cut before they’ve fully bloomed, but zinnias should be fully bloomed before cutting. Once the bloom is fully opened you can test whether the stem is ready to be cut.

Gently hold the zinnia stem about 8 inches below the bloom and gently give it a wiggle test. If the bloom flops as you wiggle it, it’s not ready. If the stem stays firm under the bloom, you’re ready to cut your flower.

Zinnias prefer to be cut in the morning. To cut, reach down deep into the plant and cut above a set of leaves across from each other. Immediately remove most of the leaves and place them into a bucket of water.

Some zinnia gardeners like to condition their blooms by placing them in a cool, dark spot for 3-4 hours. Letting zinnias rest will extend vase life, and they should be given another cut before arranging them in a vase.

Zinnias are an important flower in a Southern cutting garden because they’re “cut and come again” flowers. Don’t be hesitant to cut them to bring them inside, because cutting encourages your plant to produce more flowers.

My favorite vessels to hold zinnias are everyday kitchen containers. I love to fill a milk pitcher or antique ball jars full of these simple blooms. Zinnias have a homespun appeal to them, which makes them perfect for everyday moments throughout the house, instead of fragile, special occasion arrangements.

There are a handful of things that make me feel rich in life, regardless of how much money I have in the bank: clean sheets on my bed, spending time with family, and fresh flowers in my home.

Zinnias are so abundant that even after I have filled my own home with them, I have plenty to share with my friends and neighbors. I’ve shared on Instagram that one of the main reasons why I grow flowers is to give them away.

If you’ve never grown zinnias before, why don’t you pick up a packet? But be warned, once you grow them, they’ll have a spot in your Southern cutting garden every year.


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Zinnia arrangement in a blue Ball jar from a Southern cutting garden
Fresh-cut zinnias gathered from the garden and arranged in an antique blue Ball jar.